![]() The muscles, joints and bones are adversely affected by immobility. These bowel alterations are further confounded when the client is not getting adequate fluid intake. Gastrointestinal SystemĬonstipation, impaction and difficult to evacuate feces can occur as the result of immobility and the lack of exercise that is needed to promote normal bowel functioning. The complications and hazards associated with immobility and according to bodily system are described below: Urinary SystemĪs the result of immobility, the urinary system can be adversely affected with urinary retention, urinary stasis, renal calculi, urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections. Immobility can adversely affect all physiological bodily systems. Members of the nursing care team and other health care professionals like physical therapists must, therefore, promote client mobility and prevent immobility whenever possible. Immobility and complete bed rest can lead to life threatening physical and psychological complications and consequences. Many of these costly complications of immobility can, and should be, prevented whenever possible. ![]() The hazards or complications of immobility, such as skin breakdown, pressure ulcers, contractures, muscular weakness, muscular atrophy, disuse osteoporosis, renal calculi, urinary stasis, urinary retention, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, atelectasis, pneumonia, decreased respiratory vital capacity, venous stasis, venous insufficiency, orthostatic hypotension, decreased cardiac reserve, edema, emboli, thrombophlebitis, constipation and the loss of calcium from the bones, are highly costly in terms of health care dollars and in terms of client suffering. Identifying the Complications of Immobility
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